7 of the Most Deadly Tsunamis in History

1. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Image source: Britannica

On December 26, 2004, a massive earthquake of magnitude 9.1 to 9.3 occurred off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. This event triggered a devastating tsunami throughout the Indian Ocean, severely impacting countries like Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. More than 226,000 lives were lost, leaving a profound mark on global history. For more context, read our tips for preparing for natural disasters.

2. 1908 Messina Tsunami

Image source: Italy Heritage

This remains one of the deadliest tsunamis in recorded history. On December 28, 1908, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Messina, Sicily, Italy, triggering a powerful tsunami. The combined impact of the quake and the waves destroyed over 90% of the city, claiming more than 123,000 lives.

3. 1755 Lisbon Tsunami

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and subsequent tsunami devastated the city of Lisbon, Portugal. It remains a historic example of a multi-hazard disaster, reshaping not only the city but also the way we understand urban resilience. For further reading, check out our guide on how to stay safe during an emergency.